Szymanowska's Polonaise in C major was published in 1819 by the time she was 30 years old. The date of composition is unknown, but supposed to be composed in the same year. The piece was dedicated to Countess Mokronoska, born as Princess Sanguszko in Poland, who was an amateur pianist.

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"Polonaise" is a Polish dance music in 3/4 time. It is a simple, charming piece with lovely ornaments at the end of the phrase of the first half, contrast with a tuneful lyrical Trio with crossing hand section. Then the music repeats from the beginning. It was composed in a clear ternary (A-B-A) form (Polonaise - Trio - Polonaise), with sub small binary form in each A and B section.